A Full-Text Index breaks text data into words (tokens) and indexes them for fast keyword and phrase searches, enabling efficient text search beyond simple exact matches or prefix queries.
A Unique Index enforces distinct values in a column, preventing duplicates while speeding up queries. It's ideal for fields like email or username, ensuring data accuracy with minimal impact on read performance.
A Non-Clustered Index is a separate data structure that stores column values and pointers to table rows, speeding up lookups without altering the table's physical order. Multiple non-clustered indexes can exist per table to optimize diverse queries.
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A Clustered Index controls the physical order of data in a table, making range queries and sorting extremely fast. It organizes rows on disk by the index key and is usually the primary key, with only one clustered index allowed per table.